| Year |
|
Winner |
Winner Work |
| 2014 |
|
Alim-Louis Benabid |
For the development of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus, a surgical technique that reduces tremors and restores motor function in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease. |
|
Mahlon DeLong |
For the development of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus, a surgical technique that reduces tremors and restores motor function in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease. |
| 2013 |
|
Graeme Clark |
For the development of the modern cochlear implant \u2014 a device that bestows hearing to individuals with profound deafness. |
|
Ingeborg Hochmair |
For the development of the modern cochlear implant \u2014 a device that bestows hearing to individuals with profound deafness. |
|
Blake S. Wilson |
For the development of the modern cochlear implant \u2014 a device that bestows hearing to individuals with profound deafness. |
| 2012 |
|
Roy Yorke Calne |
For the development of liver transplantation, which has restored normal life to thousands of patients with end-stage liver disease. |
|
Thomas Starzl |
For the development of liver transplantation, which has restored normal life to thousands of patients with end-stage liver disease. |
| 2011 |
|
Tu Youyou |
For the discovery of artemisinin, a drug therapy for malaria that has saved millions of lives across the globe, especially in the developing world. |
| 2010 |
|
Napoleone Ferrara |
For the discovery of VEGF as a major mediator of angiogenesis and the development of an effective anti-VEGF therapy for wet macular degeneration, a leading cause of blindness in the elderly. |
| 2009 |
|
Charles Sawyers |
For the development of molecularly-targeted treatments for chronic myeloid leukemia, converting a fatal cancer into a manageable chronic condition. |
|
Nicholas Lydon |
For the development of molecularly-targeted treatments for chronic myeloid leukemia, converting a fatal cancer into a manageable chronic condition. |
|
Brian Druker |
For the development of molecularly-targeted treatments for chronic myeloid leukemia, converting a fatal cancer into a manageable chronic condition. |
| 2008 |
|
Akira Endo |
For the discovery of the statins \u2014 drugs with remarkable LDL-cholesterol-lowering properties that have revolutionized the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease. |
| 2007 |
|
Alain Carpentier |
For the development of prosthetic mitral and aortic valves, which have prolonged and enhanced the lives of millions of people with heart disease |
|
Albert Starr |
For the development of prosthetic mitral and aortic valves, which have prolonged and enhanced the lives of millions of people with heart disease |
| 2006 |
|
Aaron T. Beck |
For the development of cognitive therapy, which has transformed the understanding and treatment of many psychiatric conditions, including depression, suicidal behavior, generalized anxiety, panic attacks, and eating disorders. |
| 2005 |
|
Alec Jeffreys |
For development of two powerful technologies\u2014Southern hybridization and DNA fingerprinting\u2014that together revolutionized human genetics and forensic diagnostics. |
|
Edwin Southern |
For development of two powerful technologies\u2014Southern hybridization and DNA fingerprinting\u2014that together revolutionized human genetics and forensic diagnostics. |
| 2004 |
|
Charles Kelman |
For revolutionizing the surgical removal of cataracts, turning a 10-day hospital stay into an outpatient procedure, and dramatically reducing complications. |
| 2003 |
|
Marc Feldmann |
For discovery of anti-TNF therapy as an effective treatment for rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases. |
|
Ravinder N. Maini |
For discovery of anti-TNF therapy as an effective treatment for rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases. |
| 2002 |
|
Willem Johan Kolff |
For the development of renal hemodialysis, which changed kidney failure from a fatal to a treatable disease, prolonging the useful lives of millions of patients. |
|
Belding Hibbard Scribner |
For the development of renal hemodialysis, which changed kidney failure from a fatal to a treatable disease, prolonging the useful lives of millions of patients. |
| 2001 |
|
Robert G. Edwards |
For the development of in vitro fertilization, a technological advance that has revolutionized the treatment of human infertility. |
| 2000 |
|
Harvey J. Alter |
For pioneering work leading to the discovery of the virus that causes hepatitis C and the development of screening methods that reduced the risk of blood transfusion-associated hepatitis in the U.S. from 30 percent in 1970 to virtually zero in 2000. |
|
Michael Houghton |
For pioneering work leading to the discovery of the virus that causes hepatitis C and the development of screening methods that reduced the risk of blood transfusion-associated hepatitis in the U.S. from 30 percent in 1970 to virtually zero in 2000. |
| 1999 |
|
David Cushman |
For developing an innovative approach to drug design based on protein structure and using it to create the ACE inhibitors: powerful oral agents for the treatment of high blood pressure, heart failure, and diabetic kidney disease. |
|
Miguel Ondetti |
For developing an innovative approach to drug design based on protein structure and using it to create the ACE inhibitors: powerful oral agents for the treatment of high blood pressure, heart failure, and diabetic kidney disease. |
| 1998 |
|
Alfred G. Knudson |
For incisive studies in patient-oriented research that paved the way for identifying genetic alterations that cause cancer in humans and that allow for cancer diagnosis in patients at the molecular level. |
|
Janet Rowley |
For incisive studies in patient-oriented research that paved the way for identifying genetic alterations that cause cancer in humans and that allow for cancer diagnosis in patients at the molecular level. |
|
Peter Nowell |
For incisive studies in patient-oriented research that paved the way for identifying genetic alterations that cause cancer in humans and that allow for cancer diagnosis in patients at the molecular level. |
| 1997 |
|
Alfred Sommer |
For the understanding and demonstration that low-dose vitamin A supplementation in millions of third world children can prevent death from infectious diseases as well as blindness. |
| 1996 |
|
Porter Warren Anderson, Jr. |
For groundbreaking work and bold, visionary and imaginative leadership in the development and commercialization of the Hemophilus influenzae type b vaccine and bringing the vaccine to market, leading to the eradication of Hemophilus influenzae type b, typhoid, and pneumococcus. |
|
John B. Robbins |
For groundbreaking work and bold, visionary and imaginative leadership in the development and commercialization of the Hemophilus influenzae type b vaccine and bringing the vaccine to market, leading to the eradication of Hemophilus influenzae type b, typhoid, and pneumococcus. |
|
David Smith |
For groundbreaking work and bold, visionary and imaginative leadership in the development and commercialization of the Hemophilus influenzae type b vaccine and bringing the vaccine to market, leading to the eradication of Hemophilus influenzae type b, typhoid, and pneumococcus. |
|
Rachel Schneerson |
For groundbreaking work and bold, visionary and imaginative leadership in the development and commercialization of the Hemophilus influenzae type b vaccine and bringing the vaccine to market, leading to the eradication of Hemophilus influenzae type b, typhoid, and pneumococcus. |
| 1995 |
|
Barry Marshall |
For the visionary discovery that Helicobacter pylori causes peptic ulcer disease. |
| 1994 |
|
John Allen Clements |
For his brilliant studies defining and describing the role of pulmonary surfactant and in developing a life-saving artificial surfactant now used in premature infants around the world. |
| 1993 |
|
Donald Metcalf |
For his outstanding discovery of the colony-stimulating factors, two of which are widely used to treat patients with cancer and diseases of blood cell formation. |
| 1992 |
|
|
|
| 1991 |
|
Yuet Wai Kan |
For his pivotal contributions to the development of human genetics, most importantly in the area of the hemoglobinopathies using recombinant DNA technology. |
| 1990 |
|
|
|
| 1989 |
|
Étienne-Émile Baulieu |
For his contributions to the broad field of steroid hormone biosynthesis, metabolism, and receptors, and for developing RU 486, the first safe, effective contragestive medication. |
| 1988 |
|
Vincent Dole |
For postulating the physiological basis of narcotic addiction and for developing methadone treatment for heroin addiction. |
| 1987 |
|
Mogens Schou |
For his landmark systematic clinical trials of lithium as therapy and prophylaxis for manic depressive illness, which initiated a revolution in the treatment of mental disease. |
| 1986 |
|
Max Essex |
For his pioneering studies of the feline leukemia retrovirus, and for his consistently original and widely influential studies of retroviruses in humans and other species, culminating in many of the most crucial discoveries concerning AIDS. |
| 1986 |
|
Robert Gallo |
For determining that the retrovirus now known as HIV-1 is the cause of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). |
| 1986 |
|
Luc Montagnier |
For detecting a retrovirus later identified as the cause of AIDS. |
| 1985 |
|
Bernard Fisher |
For his profound influence in shaping the character of modern breast cancer treatment, thus lengthening and enriching the lives of women suffering from this dread disease. |
| 1984 |
|
Paul Lauterbur |
For his key theoretical and technical contributions, which made possible a completely new, versatile, and non-invasive form of medical imaging, based on nuclear magnetic resonance. |
| 1983 |
|
F. Mason Sones |
For combining the techniques of cardiac catheterization and coronary artery cinematography, thus inaugurating the modern era of diagnosis and treatment of coronary artery disease. |
| 1982 |
|
Roscoe Brady |
For his original and creative contributions to our understanding of a group of hereditary disorders called lipid storage diseases, and for the development of genetic counseling procedures and the initiation of possible treatment methods for these diseases. |
| 1982 |
|
Elizabeth F. Neufeld |
For his original and creative contributions to our understanding of a group of hereditary disorders called lipid storage diseases, and for the development of genetic counseling procedures and the initiation of possible treatment methods for these diseases. |
| 1981 |
|
Louis Sokoloff |
For developing a pioneering method which enables scientists to visualize the simultaneous biochemical activity of an entire network of neural pathways in the brain and central nervous system. This new method maps and measures their functioning, both as a whole and in localized areas, under both normal and abnormal conditions. |
| 1980 |
|
Cyril Clarke |
For bringing his lively interest in heredity to bear on the genetics of the Rh antigen, thereby initiating one of the first systematic investigations in medical genetics, and for conceiving and directing epidemiological studies, basic research, and clinical investigations of Rh disease of the newborn. |
| 1980 |
|
Ronald Finn |
For his dedicated and painstaking studies revealing how the unborn child is protected from the immune system of the mother, and for documenting the sequence of events leading to Rh disease in the child. |
| 1980 |
|
Vincent J. Freda |
For his unrelenting drive to find a means of preventing hemolytic disease of the newborn, and for his dedicated and persistent clinical research leading to the development of the anti-Rh vaccine. |
| 1980 |
|
John G. Gorman |
For his pivotal role in the development of the anti-Rh vaccine and for the scientific creativity which led him to apply to Rh disease the principle of antibody-mediated immune suppression. |
| 1980 |
|
William Pollack |
For his indispensable efforts in the development of the anti-Rh vaccine, and for his immunological studies uncovering the mechanisms of Rh-incompatibility. |
| 1979 |
|
|
|
| 1978 |
|
Michael Heidelberger |
For his elegant studies in immunochemistry, which laid the groundwork for the development of capsular purified polysaccharide vaccines for the prevention of pneumonia and meningitis. |
| 1978 |
|
Robert Austrian |
For his perseverance in the development and clear demonstration of the efficacy of a purified vaccine of capsular polysaccharides in the prevention of pneumococcal diseases. |
| 1978 |
|
Emil C. Gotschlich |
For his creative leadership in developing, and then demonstrating the effectiveness of a purified capsular polysaccharide vaccine in preventing meningococcal diseases. |
| 1977 |
|
Inge G. Edler |
For pioneering the clinical application of ultrasound in the medical diagnosis of abnormalities of the heart\u2014probably the most important non-invasive tool for cardiac diagnosis since the electrocardiograph machine. |
| 1977 |
|
Carl Hellmuth Hertz |
For pioneering the development of ultrasound technology in medicine. |
| 1976 |
|
James Black |
For his design of propranolol, a drug which is a pharmacological milestone in the treatment of life-threatening cardiac diseases, angina, and severe high blood pressure. |
| 1976 |
|
Raymond P. Ahlquist |
For his concept of alpha and beta receptors, which opened the door to the development of propranolol, a milestone drug in the treatment of heart diseases and severe high blood pressure. |
| 1975 |
|
Godfrey Hounsfield |
For his invention of a computerized X-ray scanning system which makes it possible, for the first time, to image the brain and other soft tissue. |
| 1975 |
|
William H. Oldendorf |
For his original conception of a scanning system which would be able to image soft tissue, and would thus uncover and display information that could not previously be shown by conventional radiography techniques. |
| 1974 |
|
John Charnley |
For his conceptual and technical contributions to total hip joint replacement, which have opened new horizons of research and treatment in arthritis and crippling joint diseases. |
| 1973 |
|
Paul Zoll |
For his development of the life-saving closed chest defibrillator and the pacemaker. |
| 1973 |
|
William B. Kouwenhoven |
For his life-saving development of open and closed chest defibrillators, and for originating the technique of external cardiac massage. |
| 1972 |
|
Min Chiu Li |
For their outstanding contribution to the successful chemotherapeutic treatment of gestational choriocarcinoma. |
|
Roy Hertz |
For their outstanding contribution to the successful chemotherapeutic treatment of gestational choriocarcinoma. |
| 1972 |
|
Denis Parsons Burkitt |
For his outstanding contribution in first identifying Burkitt's tumor. |
| 1972 |
|
Joseph H. Burchenal |
For his outstanding contribution in recognizing the importance of Burkitt's tumor as a model. |
| 1972 |
|
V. Anomah Ngu |
For his outstanding contribution to the expansion of the successful chemotherapeutic treatment of Burkitt's tumor. |
| 1972 |
|
John L. Ziegler |
For his outstanding contribution in increasing the cure rate of Burkitt's tumor by chemotherapy. |
| 1972 |
|
Edmund Klein |
For his outstanding contribution in the treatment of premalignant and malignant cancers of the skin. |
| 1972 |
|
Emil Frei |
For his outstanding contribution in the application of the concept of combination chemotherapy to lymphoma and acute adult leukemia. |
| 1972 |
|
Emil J. Freireich |
For his outstanding contributions in combination chemotherapy, and in supportive care of patients receiving combination chemotherapy for acute leukemia. |
| 1972 |
|
James F. Holland |
For their outstanding contribution to the concept and application of combination therapy in the treatment of acute leukemia in children. |
|
Donald Pinkel |
For their outstanding contribution to the concept and application of combination therapy in the treatment of acute leukemia in children. |
| 1972 |
|
Paul P. Carbone |
For his outstanding contribution to the concept of combination therapy in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease. |
| 1972 |
|
Vincent T. DeVita |
For his outstanding contribution to the concept of combination therapy in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease. |
| 1972 |
|
Eugene J. Van Scott |
For his outstanding contribution to the concept of topical chemotherapy in the treatment of mycosis fungoides. |
| 1972 |
|
Isaac Djerassi |
For his outstanding contribution in the supportive care, by platelet transfusion, of patients receiving intensive chemotherapy. |
| 1972 |
|
Gordon Zubrod |
Special Award: For his leadership in expanding the frontiers of cancer chemotherapy. |
| 1971 |
|
Edward D. Freis |
For his demonstration of the life-saving effectiveness of drugs in the treatment of moderate hypertension. |
| 1970 |
|
Robert A. Good |
For his uniquely important contributions to our understanding of the mechanism of immunity. |
| 1969 |
|
George Cotzias |
For his demonstration of the effectiveness of large daily dosages of L-DOPA in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. |
| 1968 |
|
John Heysham Gibbon |
For designing and developing the heart-lung machine. |
| 1967 |
|
Robert A. Phillips |
For his enormous contribution to the understanding of the mechanism of death in cholera, and the development of a life-saving method of treating it. |
| 1966 |
|
Sidney Farber |
For his original use of aminopterin and methotrexate in the control of acute childhood leukemia, and for his constant leadership in the search for chemical agents against cancer. |
| 1965 |
|
Albert Sabin |
For the development of a live, oral poliovirus vaccine. |
| 1964 |
|
Nathan S. Kline |
For the introduction and use of iproniazid in the treatment of severe depression. |
| 1963 |
|
Michael E. DeBakey |
For his brilliant leadership and professional accomplishments, which were responsible in a large measure for inaugurating a new era in cardiovascular surgery. |
| 1963 |
|
Charles Brenton Huggins |
For his role as a catalyst in modern endocrine studies of tumor control in animals and humans. |
| 1962 |
|
Joseph Edward Smadel |
For outstanding contributions to the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of virus and rickettsial diseases, including the demonstration of the efficacy of chloramphenicol as a cure for rickettsial infections\u2014typhoid fever and epidemic and scrub typhus. |
| 1961 |
|
|
|
| 1960 |
|
Karl Paul Link |
Joint award for pioneering the development and use of anticoagulant drugs. |
|
Irving Wright |
Joint award for pioneering the development and use of anticoagulant drugs. |
|
Edgar Allen |
Joint award for pioneering the development and use of anticoagulant drugs. |
| 1959 |
|
John Holmes Dingle |
For outstanding studies which have added significantly to our knowledge and ability to control acute respiratory diseases. |
| 1959 |
|
Gilbert Dalldorf |
For his demonstration of the ability of one virus to modify the course of infection by another and for his discovery of Coxsackie virus by a unique and broadly applicable technique. |
| 1959 |
|
Robert E. Gross |
For distinguished achievement: performing the first successful operation on an inborn cardiovascular defect. |
| 1958 |
|
Robert Wallace Wilkins |
For distinguished contributions to the control of heart and blood vessel diseases through outstanding investigations into the causes, diagnosis and treatment of hypertension. |
| 1957 |
|
Richard Shope |
For outstanding contributions to the better understanding of infectious diseases in animals and man and his discovery of new microbiological principles of far-reaching importance. |
| 1957 |
|
Nathan S. Kline |
For his demonstrations of the value of Rauwolfia derivatives, especially reserpine, in the treatment of mental and nervous disorders. |
| 1957 |
|
Robert Noce |
For his studies of reserpine and its uses among the mentally ill and among mental defectives. |
| 1957 |
|
Henri Laborit |
For his extensive studies of surgical shock and post-operative illness which resulted in the first application of chlorpromazine as a therapeutic agent. |
| 1957 |
|
Pierre Deniker |
For his introduction of chlorpromazine into psychiatry, and for his demonstration that a medication can influence the clinical course of the major psychoses. |
| 1957 |
|
Heinz Lehmann |
For his demonstrations of the clinical uses of chlorpromazine in the treatment of mental disorders. |
| 1957 |
|
Rustom Jal Vakil |
For his brilliant and systematic studies on Rauwolfia in hypertension. |
| 1956 |
|
Jonas Salk |
For developing a safe and effective vaccine against poliomyelitis. |
| 1956 |
|
Louis N. Katz |
For his contribution to cardiovascular research and his advancement of the thesis that experimental atherosclerosis is basically a metabolic disease that is preventable and reversible. |
| 1956 |
|
V. Everett Kinsey |
For his outstanding work as coordinator of the National Cooperative Study of Retrolental Fibroplasia. |
| 1956 |
|
Arnall Patz |
For his original, well-controlled studies in the cause and prevention of retrolental fibroplasia. |
| 1955 |
|
Morley Cohen |
Joint award for advances in cardiac surgery, making possible more direct and safer approaches to the heart. |
|
Herbert Warden |
Joint award for advances in cardiac surgery, making possible more direct and safer approaches to the heart. |
|
Richard Varco |
Joint award for advances in cardiac surgery, making possible more direct and safer approaches to the heart. |
|
C. Walton Lillehei |
Joint award for advances in cardiac surgery, making possible more direct and safer approaches to the heart. |
| 1955 |
|
Edward H. Robitzek |
Joint award for establishing the great efficacy of isoniazid drugs in the treatment of tuberculous meningitis and generalized miliary tuberculosis. |
|
Bristol-Myers Squibb |
Joint award for establishing the great efficacy of isoniazid drugs in the treatment of tuberculous meningitis and generalized miliary tuberculosis. |
|
Hoffmann-La Roche |
Joint award for establishing the great efficacy of isoniazid drugs in the treatment of tuberculous meningitis and generalized miliary tuberculosis. |
|
Irving Selikoff |
Joint award for establishing the great efficacy of isoniazid drugs in the treatment of tuberculous meningitis and generalized miliary tuberculosis. |
|
Carl Muschenheim |
Joint award for establishing the great efficacy of isoniazid drugs in the treatment of tuberculous meningitis and generalized miliary tuberculosis. |
|
Walsh McDermott |
Joint award for establishing the great efficacy of isoniazid drugs in the treatment of tuberculous meningitis and generalized miliary tuberculosis. |
| 1954 |
|
Alfred Blalock |
Joint award for distinguished contributions to cardiovascular surgery and knowledge. |
|
|
Robert E. Gross |
Joint award for distinguished contributions to cardiovascular surgery and knowledge. |
|
Helen B. Taussig |
Joint award for distinguished contributions to cardiovascular surgery and knowledge. |
| 1953 |
|
Paul Dudley White |
For distinguished achievement in the pathology, diagnosis and treatment of heart disease. |
| 1952 |
|
Conrad Elvehjem |
For distinguished contributions to biochemical and nutrition research. |
| 1952 |
|
Henry Trendley Dean |
Joint award for leadership in the development of community-wide fluoridation programs. |
|
Frederick McKay |
Joint award for leadership in the development of community-wide fluoridation programs. |
| 1951 |
|
Catherine Macfarlane |
Joint award for their pioneer work in developing cancer detection clinics for the discovery of early cancer or precancerous lesions in presumably healthy people. |
|
Elise L'Esperance |
Joint award for their pioneer work in developing cancer detection clinics for the discovery of early cancer or precancerous lesions in presumably healthy people. |
| 1951 |
|
William Gordon Lennox |
Joint award for their research in epilepsy. |
|
Frederic A. Gibbs |
Joint award for their research in epilepsy. |
| 1950 |
|
Georgios Papanikolaou |
For outstanding contributions to the early diagnosis of cancer through cytological methods. |
| 1949 |
|
Edward Calvin Kendall |
Joint award for their chemical physiological and clinical studies of adrenal hormones which culminated in the development of the use of cortisone in rheumatic disease therapy. |
|
Philip Showalter Hench |
Joint award for their chemical physiological and clinical studies of adrenal hormones which culminated in the development of the use of cortisone in rheumatic disease therapy. |
| 1949 |
|
Max Theiler |
For distinguished experimental work leading directly to the production of two effective vaccines against yellow fever. |
| 1948 |
|
|
|
| 1947 |
|
|
|
| 1946 |
|
John Friend Mahoney |
For distinguished service as a pioneer in the treatment of syphilis with penicillin. |
| 1946 |
|
Karl Landsteiner |
Joint award for the discovery of the Rh factor and its significance as a cause of maternal, prenatal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. |
|
Alexander S. Wiener |
Joint award for the discovery of the Rh factor and its significance as a cause of maternal, prenatal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. |
|
Philip Levine |
Joint award for the discovery of the Rh factor and its significance as a cause of maternal, prenatal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. |
