Awards & Winners

Charles Édouard Guillaume

Date of Birth 15-February-1861
Place of Birth Fleurier
(Switzerland, Val-de-Travers District)
Nationality Switzerland, France
Profession Physicist
Charles Édouard Guillaume was a Swiss physicist who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1920 in recognition of the service he had rendered to precision measurements in physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys. Guillaume is known for his discovery of nickel-steel alloys he named invar and elinvar. Invar has a near-zero coefficient of thermal expansion, making it useful in constructing precision instruments whose dimensions need to remain constant in spite of varying temperature. Elinvar has a near-zero thermal coefficient of the modulus of elasticity, making it useful in constructing instruments with springs that need to be unaffected by varying temperature, such as the marine chronometer. Elinvar is also non-magnetic, which is a secondary useful property for antimagnetic watches. As the son of a Swiss horologist Guillaume took an interest in marine chronometers. For use as the compensation balance he developed a slight variation of the invar alloy which had a negative quadratic coefficient of expansion. The purpose of doing this was to eliminate the "middle temperature" error of the balance wheel.

Awards by Charles Édouard Guillaume

Check all the awards nominated and won by Charles Édouard Guillaume.

1920


Nobel Prize in Physics
(in recognition of the service he has rendered to precision measurements in Physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys)