National Medal of Science - 1991

Check winners and nominations of 1991 National Medal of Science. Check awards winners of 1991 National Medal of Science. (Click on the Award name to show winners and nominees)

National Medal of Science for Biological Sciences Mary Ellen Avery (For her discovery of the major cause of respiratory distress syndrome of premature infants and the straegies for treatment and prevention.)
National Medal of Science for Chemistry Ronald Breslow (For his incisive work on enzyme mimics that has built bridges between chemistry and biochemistry, and for his seminal work on novel conjugated molecules and a new class of anticancer agents.)
National Medal of Science for Mathematics and Computer Science Alberto Calderón (For his ground-breaking work on singular integral operators leading to their application to important problems in partial differential equations, including his proof of uniqueness in the Cauchy problem, the Atiyah-Singer index theorem and the propagation of singularities of non-linear equations.)
National Medal of Science for Chemistry Gertrude B. Elion (For her basic research which enhanced the sciences of chemistry and medicine by elucidating fundamental principles of drug-receptor interactions for nucleic acid antagonists.)
National Medal of Science for Engineering George H. Heilmeier (For his major contributions to the technological competitiveness of the United States and the cause of national defense.)
National Medal of Science for Chemistry Dudley R. Herschbach (For his seminal contributions to the fundamental understanding of reactions of atoms and molecules, collision by collision.)
National Medal of Science for Biological Sciences G. Evelyn Hutchinson (For his role in the emergence of ecology as a modern science, and introducing American geochemists to the importance of living organisms in the cycles of the elements. His work has proved the importance of environmental studies for society in general.)
National Medal of Science for Biological Sciences Elvin A. Kabat (For his seminal conributions in the field of immunology, and for bringing the field to its present prominence.)
National Medal of Science for Biological Sciences Robert Kates (For his fundamental contributions to the understanding of natural and man-made hazards, global environmental change, and the prevelance and persistence of world hunger.)
National Medal of Science for Engineering Luna Leopold (For his contribution to the hydromechanics of rivers; for influencing the direction and content of physical geography, and for outstanding service to the field of water resources.)
National Medal of Science for Biological Sciences Salvador Luria (For a lifetime devoted to applying genetics to viruses and bacteria, and for guiding the development of generations of students who have helped create the modern power of molecular biology.)
National Medal of Science for Behavioral and Social Science George A. Miller (For his innovative leadership in the scientific study of language and cognition, and for his commitment to imrpoved education for literacy.)
National Medal of Science for Physical Science Arthur Leonard Schawlow (For his role in the conception of the laser and in advancing its applications, especially in laser spectroscopy.)
National Medal of Science for Chemistry Glenn T. Seaborg (For his outstanding work as a chemist, scientist and teacher in the field of nuclear chemistry.)
National Medal of Science for Biological Sciences Folke K. Skoog (For his pioneering work on plant hormones, including discovery of cyotkinins (a major class), chemical induction of organ formation and regulation of morphogenesis in plants, and contributions to the development of plant tissue culture as an experimental technique of fundamental importance in biotechnology.)
National Medal of Science for Engineering Guyford Stever (For his scientific and engineering leadership in applying new results of scientific research and technological development to the purposes of government, industry, and academe.)
National Medal of Science for Physical Science Edward C. Stone (For his outstanding leadership as Project scientist for the Voyager Space Mission and its exploration of the outer Solar System.)
National Medal of Science for Physical Science Steven Weinberg (For his contributions to the discovery of the structure of the fundamental forces of nature; the development of the standard model, and the unification of the weak and electromagnetic forces.)
National Medal of Science for Biological Sciences Paul Zamecnik (For his pioneering research of protein biosynthesis, opening the door to biochemical attack, and paving the way for dissection of the genetic code; and for introducing the concept and method of antisense DNA as an approach to viral gene inhibition and chemotherapy.)

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1991 National Medal of Science

National Medal of Science for Biological Sciences

National Medal of Science for Chemistry

National Medal of Science for Mathematics and Computer Science

National Medal of Science for Chemistry

National Medal of Science for Engineering

National Medal of Science for Chemistry

National Medal of Science for Biological Sciences

National Medal of Science for Biological Sciences

National Medal of Science for Biological Sciences

National Medal of Science for Engineering

National Medal of Science for Biological Sciences

National Medal of Science for Behavioral and Social Science

National Medal of Science for Physical Science

National Medal of Science for Chemistry

National Medal of Science for Biological Sciences

National Medal of Science for Engineering

National Medal of Science for Physical Science

National Medal of Science for Physical Science

National Medal of Science for Biological Sciences

Yearwise list of National Medal of Science Winners

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