Nobel Peace Prize
Nelson Mandela, Frederik Willem de Klerk(for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime, and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa.) |
Nobel Prize in Literature
Toni Morrison(who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import, gives life to an essential aspect of American reality) |
Nobel Prize in Physics
Joseph Hooton Taylor, Jr., Russell Alan Hulse(for the discovery of a new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation) |
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Phillip Allen Sharp, Richard J. Roberts(for their discoveries of split genes) |
Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences
Douglass North, Robert Fogel(for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change) |
Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Kary Mullis(for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method) |
Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Michael Smith(for his fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleotide-based, site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies) |
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