(For fundamental research on the Bithorax complex, which established the role of homeotic genes in the development of cell patterns and provided a foundation for current studies of embryonic development.)
(For charting new paths in developmental biology through investigations which led to the discovery of nearly all genes responsible for organizing basic body patterns. )
(For his pivotal contributions to the development of human genetics, most importantly in the area of the hemoglobinopathies using recombinant DNA technology.)
